A main feature of a smart building is operational efficiency, enabling the user to do more with less. In this regard, access control and video integration plays a major role, providing a single, unified platform for the building manager to run various operations, in particular security.
 
스마트빌딩! 그 운용의 효율성을 위해서는  출입통제 + 영상 관제의 통합이 주요한 역할을 한다는 취지의 글입니다.​

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Video and access control have long been separate systems, making the building manager’s job quite ineffective especially during a security event. “In the past, access control logs are recorded in one database while video is recorded in another database. If there is never any ‘wrong-doing’ in the building, then having two disparate systems isn’t a big deal. But unfortunately, it’s quite unlikely that a theft or impropriety will never occur,” said Larry Reed, CEO of ZKAccess. “And without hard evidence, it’s near impossible to prosecute or fight off a lawsuit. Evidence of impropriety is essential. But with the evidence potentially residing in two disparate databases, it calls for a lot of research time going back and forth between the two systems to find the evidence you’re looking for.”
 
That’s where the integration between the two systems comes in, a convergence that makes the building manager’s job easier and more effective. “The integration between video and access control is a natural step in strengthening a company’s overall security posture, as access points are best protected when security practitioners know who is coming and going at any given time,” said Mitchell Kane, President of Vanderbilt.
 
“Key in the access control-video space is unification – the idea of a single operator interface for monitoring and configuring both access control and video equipment and functions. Once unified, the building’s response to alarms becomes that much tighter, resulting in smarter alarm assessment and increased safety for the occupants. Video also helps reduce false alarms, and today’s analytics engines, including facial recognition, can provide even greater security for the building,” said Rick Focke, Senior Product Manager at Tyco Security Products.
 
Other benefits of the access control-video convergence include more effective bandwidth management across the building. “For example, a forced door in one part of a building may trigger camera frame rates to increase temporarily, while normal operation may be at lower frame rates, transferring less image data back to the video storage server in day to day operation,” said Daniel McVeagh, Senior Product Manager at Gallagher.
 
As for whether the user should integrate access control into their VMS or vice versa, that is really up to the user’s own needs and demands. Jeroen Harmsen, Product Manager at Nedap Security Management, mentioned the integration between his company and Milestone. “The real question isn’t about which system is used as the front-end. The importance lays on the specific needs of the end-user and the way they can be filled. For example: when you are a receptionist sitting behind the reception desk, and you are receiving customers, then it would be more convenient to have Nedap’s AEOS as the front-end. But on the other hand, if you are a guard and you want to identify the images and analyze them, then Milestone’s XProtect would be your front-end system.”
 
“Today, security admins can choose to either have their video records stored in their access control systems or have their access logs stored in their video management system. Whichever system they spend the most time in becomes their choice of where the access/video records are stored,” Reed said. “Having one centralized reporting mechanism for both access and video records is a tremendous time-saver for security admins and provides a far more positive user-experience, especially when a criminal investigation is called for.”
 
Beyond security, video and access control integration can provide other data needed for the user to manage their building more effectively. “Facility managers can count the number of people in the area and based on those metrics, allow additional admittance. As a result, user rights can change based on what is visible in the environment, which can help make real-time decisions or supplement those being made by proactive users,” said Robert Gaulden, Director of Aftermarket and Electronic Sales at Allegion.

출처 :​http://www.securitysales.com/article/video_compression_reaching_new_heights_with_h.265 

중국의 특정 제조사(DAUHA)의 고유 기술등의 내용등이 포함되어 있지만 H.265 CODEC등을 통한 
효과를 볼 수 있는 안내 기사 입니다. 

O MEET THE CHALLENGES of ever-increasing deployments of high-resolution video surveillance systems, High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), or H.265, is quickly moving to the forefront of the industry. The greatest strength of H.265 technology is higher compression rates that reduce the design flow rate in order to lower the cost of storage and transmission.
H.265 implements the advanced techniques to increase bit-stream rates to promote coding quality and to create an enhanced relationship between time delay and algorithm complexity to achieve the best optimizations.
Video surveillance manufacturers are layering their own compression algorithms on top of industry standards like H.265. The goal is to optimize storage and bandwidth by recording higher-resolution video only where certain activities are detected. If nothing is happening within a scene except trees swaying, video data might be captured in low resolution. But if humans or cars are detected, those frames might be recorded in higher resolution.
Dahua Technology is an example of a vendor that is transitioning its video surveillance portfolio to ensure its products are future-proofed when the industry and end customers are ready to fully embrace this latest compression standard. As of November 2016, all of Dahua’s new product releases included dual codec support for H.265 and H.264 for backwards compatibility. Additionally, some products now include Smart H.265+, featuring a collection of intelligent encoding algorithms developed by Dahua as an optimized implementation of the H.265 standard, offering an additional bandwidth savings of 20-30% as compared to standard H.265 compression.


To ensure the standard can be used in products across different platforms, Dahua has built flexibility into Smart H.265+. Operators can configure the codec to tailor the encoding for a particular application or scene, adding flexibility and sophisticated image enhancement. Smart H.265+ technology is said to reduce bitrate and storage requirements by up to 80% compared to H.264 video compression, vastly improving the overall system capital expenditure (Capex) and operating expenditure (Opex).
Let’s take a deeper dive into Smart H.265+, which uses a scene-adaptive encoding strategy, dynamic group of pictures (GOP), dynamic region of interest (ROI) andintelligent noise reduction to deliver high-quality video without straining the network.

HIGHER EFFICIENCY, LOWER COSTSTypical video surveillance applications require 24/7 recording, consuming a large amount of storage space. With the push to HD/UHD video resolutions with high bitrates, recording and storing surveillance video has become one of the main challenges facing the surveillance industry. The cost of transmitting large amounts of data while maintaining video quality and storing this data has exploded, increasing the cost of the entire surveillance system.
To resolve these issues, many manufacturers are continually investing in new technologies and innovations to reduce the cost of video surveillance systems. Vendors can achieve cost savings by upgrading their product lines to support the latest encoding standards (including MPEG4, H.264 and H.265) to take advantage of the improved transmission rates and reduced storage rates that these high-efficiency encoding standards offer.
Incorporating these standards, however, usually required a hardware update, and it took time for manufacturers to introduce the latest standard to the market. In addition, development and adoption of a more efficient standard could take a significant, undetermined amount of time. With more and more devices running the H.265/HVEC standard, only time will tell when the next standard will be available.
In order to stay ahead of the curve, Dahua elected to bring to market a suite of software enhancements to H.265 prior to it succeeding H.264 as the recognized industry-wide standard. To take advantage of these supplemental algorithms, customers need only perform a simple software upgrade on a device running H.265. Following are explanations for these key improvements.
Scene-adaptive encoding strategy — A typical surveillance scene is not fixed; the scene is constantly in flux even though these changes may be imperceptible to human vision. According to the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) model, human vision requires a certain amount of change to an object in order for a difference to be noticeable.
The way human vision perceives an object depends on several factors. For example, the human vision perception is more sensitive to changes to indoor scenes than to outdoor scenes. Humans perceive an indoor scene transmitted at a 4-megapixel (MP) bitrate in the same way as an outdoor scene transmitted at a 1MP-2MP bitrate.

Smart H.265+ technology adopts an encoding strategy that takes advantage of this difference in human perception to improve encoding efficiency. Scene-adaptive encoding implements a differentiated strategy based on smart scene analysis that includes the consideration of light, noise, motion conditions and enjoinments. Scene-adaptive encoding is designed to not only ensure the human vision perception of the surveillance scene, but also improve the encoding efficiency

Dynamic ROI — Surveillance operators are more interested in moving objects in the surveillance scene and less interested in the background area. With this background in mind, Smart H.265+ implements the strategy of automatically separating the moving objects in the scene from the background according to the motion in the video scene through video analytics technology.
After separation, Smart H.265+ adopts varied compression levels according to different regions of interest. Typically in surveillance videos, moving objects appear only in a specified period and last only for a short time. Smart H.265+ may increase the compression level for a background area and reduce the compression level for moving objects, thereby enhancing compression efficiency.

http://www.etnews.com/20160706000134

2016년에 전자신문에 기재된 기사 입니다. 
인천시에서 시행하는 IoT 기반의 주차정보시스템 정보와 기사입니다.

<기사중>
이 회사가 만든 `미추홀 IoT 신 주차정보시스템 및 ATMS 구축사업`은 인천시가 인천중심 교통개선 프로젝트 일환으로 인터넷을 기반으로 모든 주차장을 연결해 사람과 사물, 사물과 사물간 정보를 소통하는 IoT를 주차장에 적용하는 사업이다.